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Lohe Qurani: haruffan da aka rarrabewa (muqaṭṭaʿāt) na Alƙur'ani
Lohe Qurani — wanda ake sanin sa da sunan al-ḥurūf al-muqaṭṭaʿāt a Larabci, ma'ana "haruffan da aka rarrabewa" — haruffan Larabci ne da ake karantawa ɗaya bayan ɗaya a farkon wasu surori na Alƙur'ani, kamar Alif-Lām-Mīm (الم) da Yā-Sīn (يس). Suna bayyana a farkon surori 29 kuma an ƙirƙira su daga haruffa daban-daban 14 a cikin haɗuwa daban-daban 14. Babban ra'ayin da yawancin manyan malaman tsoho suka yarda da shi shi ne cewa ma'anarsu ta gaskiya ba ta san shi sai Allah.
Lohe Qurani — bayanan gaggawa
- Menene su
- Haruffan Larabci da aka rarrabewa (al-muqaṭṭaʿāt) waɗanda suke buɗe wasu surori
- Surori da suke fara da su
- 29
- Haruffan da aka yi amfani da su
- 14 (rabin haruffa 28 na hararshen Larabci)
- Haɗuwa daban-daban
- 14
- Misalai
- الم, الر, حم, طه, يس, ص, ق, ن
- Babban ra'ayin malaman Musulunci
- Ma'anarsu ta gaskiya ba ta san shi sai Allah
Fahimtar Lohe Qurani
Menene ma'anar "Lohe Qurani"?
"Lohe Qurani" suna ne da aka fi sani — wanda ake amfani da shi sosai a Urdu da Farisanci — don muqaṭṭaʿāt, wato haruffan keɓaɓɓu waɗanda suke buɗe surori 29. Ana karanta su harafi bayan harafi (misali "Alif-Lām-Mīm" ba "Alam" ba), shi ya sa ake kiransu haruffan "da aka rarrabewa" ko "na da karye".
Haruffan 14
Daidai haruffa 14 daga cikin haruffa 28 na Larabci sune suke bayyana a matsayin muqaṭṭaʿāt: ا (alif), ل (lām), م (mīm), ص (ṣād), ر (rā), ك (kāf), ه (hā), ي (yā), ع (ʿayn), ط (ṭā), س (sīn), ح (ḥā), ق (qāf) da ن (nūn). Malaman Musulunci sun haɗa su cikin jumla mashahura da cewa نصٌّ حكيمٌ قاطعٌ له سرّ («rubutu mai hikima, mai yanke shawara wanda yana ɗauke da asiri»).
Nawa ne su?
Haruffan suna buɗe surori 29 kuma suna ƙirƙirar haɗuwa daban-daban 14 — tun daga harafi guda ɗaya (ص, ق, ن) zuwa ƙungiyoyi na haruffa biyar (كهيعص, حم عسق). Wasu haɗuwa, kamar الم da حم, suna buɗe surori da yawa kowacce.
Menene ma'anarsu?
Babban ra'ayin da yawancin manyan malaman farko (salaf) suka riƙe shi ne cewa muqaṭṭaʿāt na cikin mutashābihāt — ayoyi waɗanda ma'anarsu ta daidai ba ta san su sai Allah. Wasu malaman kuma sun nuna cewa suna jan hankali zuwa ga mu'ujizancin Alƙur'ani, wanda aka ƙirƙira shi daga waɗannan haruffan Larabci kansu, ko kuma cewa suna aiki a matsayin sunaye na surori. Babu wata fassara guda da aka yarda da ita a matsayin ta ƙarshe.
Haɗuwa 14 a cikin surori 29
Kowace wuri da muqaṭṭaʿāt suke bayyana a cikin Alƙur'ani, tare da surori da kowane haɗu ke buɗewa (bisa lambar surar).
| Haruffa | Furucin su | Surori (bisa lamba) |
|---|
| الم | Alif-Lām-Mīm | 2, 3, 29, 30, 31, 32 |
| المص | Alif-Lām-Mīm-Ṣād | 7 |
| الر | Alif-Lām-Rā | 10, 11, 12, 14, 15 |
| المر | Alif-Lām-Mīm-Rā | 13 |
| كهيعص | Kāf-Hā-Yā-ʿAyn-Ṣād | 19 |
| طه | Ṭā-Hā | 20 |
| طسم | Ṭā-Sīn-Mīm | 26, 28 |
| طس | Ṭā-Sīn | 27 |
| يس | Yā-Sīn | 36 |
| ص | Ṣād | 38 |
| حم | Ḥā-Mīm | 40, 41, 43, 44, 45, 46 |
| حم عسق | Ḥā-Mīm; ʿAyn-Sīn-Qāf | 42 |
| ق | Qāf | 50 |
| ن | Nūn | 68 |
Lohe Qurani — tambayoyin da ake yawan yi
- Nawa ne Lohe Qurani?
- Haruffan da aka rarrabewa (muqaṭṭaʿāt) suna bayyana a farkon surori 29 na Alƙur'ani kuma suna ƙirƙirar haɗuwa daban-daban 14, waɗanda aka gina daga haruffa daban-daban 14 na Larabci.
- Menene muqaṭṭaʿāt (haruffan da aka rarrabewa)?
- Haruffan Larabci ne na mutum ɗaya — kamar Alif-Lām-Mīm (الم) ko Ḥā-Mīm (حم) — da ake karantawa harafi bayan harafi a farkon wasu surori. Ana kiransu "da aka rarrabewa" saboda ana furta kowane harafi shi kaɗai ba a matsayin kalma ba.
- Haruffan da ake amfani da su a cikin Lohe Qurani su wane ne?
- Haruffa goma sha huɗu: ا, ل, م, ص, ر, ك, ه, ي, ع, ط, س, ح, ق da ن — daidai rabin haruffa 28 na hararshen Larabci.
- Menene ma'anar haruffan da aka rarrabewa?
- Yawancin manyan malaman farko sun riƙe cewa ma'anarsu ta daidai ba ta san shi sai Allah. Wasu kuma sun nuna cewa suna haskaka mu'ujizancin balagaghiyar Alƙur'ani, tun da an ƙirƙira shi daga haruffan da Larabawa suke amfani da su, ko kuma cewa suna aiki a matsayin sunaye na surori.
- Wace surar ce ke buɗewa da haruffan da aka rarrabewa da yawa?
- Suratul Maryam (19) tana buɗewa da haruffa biyar, Kāf-Hā-Yā-ʿAyn-Ṣād (كهيعص), kuma Suratu ash-Shūrā (42) tana buɗewa da Ḥā-Mīm sannan ʿAyn-Sīn-Qāf (حم عسق).
- Shin Yā-Sīn ɗaya ce daga cikin haruffan da aka rarrabewa?
- Ee. Yā-Sīn (يس) tana buɗe Suratu Ya-Sin (36) kuma ita ce ɗaya daga cikin haɗuwa 14 na muqaṭṭaʿāt.